"From 1950 to 1955, Gisevius was director of the Dallas, Texas Council of World Affairs, after which he lived for several years in West Berlin, then again in Switzerland..."
From a German Source - (Thanks to DA for finding this):
Hans Bernd Gisevius
Hans Bernd Gisevius at Wiki
Gustav Adolf Timothy Hans Bernd Gisevius (born July 14, 1904 in Arnsberg , † February 23, 1974 in Müllheim ) was a German
politician, civil servant andresistance fighters .
Gisevius, as a former German national, initially
made himself available to National Socialism before
turning to the resistance. Until his forced departure in January 1934 and
subsequent change to the police department of the Reich Ministry of the Interior , he
worked as a court assessor in the Secret State Police Office ( Gestapo ). He was a
member of the resistance group led by Ludwig Beck , Hans Oster and Helmuth Groscurth and served
as a liaison with the US Secret Service Office of Strategic
Services (OSS) in Bern , which was headed by Allen W. Dulles . At
the assassination on July
20, 1944 , he stayed in the Bendlerblock . As one of
the few survivors of the resistance of July 20, 1944, he published several
books about the Nazi era after
the war, the source value of which is assessed differently.
Life
Early Career
Gisevius was the son
Oberverwaltungsgerichtsrates Hans Gisevius (1861-1938) and
his wife Hedwig. He came from a civil service and peasant family. He
attended humanistic high schools in Arnsberg, Berlin-Lichterfelde and Luckau. In
March 1924 he passed the testimony of maturity. To his classmates in
Lichterfelde belonged Walter Kempner ,
who later became known as a physician. [3]
From 1924 to 1928 Gisevius studied law in Marburg, Berlin and
Munich. Among his fellow students in Berlin were the later Nazi
medical officer Leonardo Conti and Robert Kempner , the later
prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials, which Gisevius was to meet there as a witness again. [4] On 25./28. In July 1928, Gisevius passed the
first State Law Examination at the Higher Regional Court in
Kassel and in September 1928 became a clerk in the Superior Court in Berlin . During
the preparatory service he was only in the district of the District Court Berlin II at
the prosecutor II, the district court
Berlin-Lichterfelde and the District Court II in Berlin used. After a
sentence transfer (see below) he spent the last part of his preparatory service
in the District Court district of Düsseldorf, where he was employed at
the district court of Dusseldorf ,
the district court of Dusseldorf and
the Higher Regional Court
of Dusseldorf . In 1929, Gisevius became a Dr. with a work supervised
by Franz Leonhard on
the use claim of the owner in Marburg. jur. doctorate (exam of 18 November 1929,
predicate: cum laude). The Great State Examination, the completion of the
preparatory service, he passed on June 26, 1933. [1]
Politically Gisevius was close to the young conservative movement
in the 1920s: He was involved in the university ring Deutscher Art and was in
connection with young conservative intellectuals such as Martin Spahn and Edgar
Jung.
From 1929 Gisevius belonged to the DNVP, for which
he appeared as a political speaker. So he agitated in 1929 for the
proposed by the DNVP ,
the Nazi Party and
the soldiers' troop
Stahlhelm introduced referendum against
the Young Plan . Because of the nature of his political
appearance, disciplinary action against him was taken repeatedly by the
regulators he covered as a trainee. In addition, several criminal cases
against Gisevius were initiated for insulting political opponents. Among
other things caused a stir in the press a case for insulting the District
Administrator Hausmann. An insult by Reich Chancellor Heinrich Brüning led to a
judicial condemnation. In May 1930, he was finally convicted of his
propaganda activities for the referendum against the Young Plan from Berlin to
Dusseldorf. [5]
In 1930 Gisevius applied for a seat as a Member of
the Reichstag and in
1932 for a seat in the Prussian Landtag ,
but was not elected both times.
At the end of 1931 Gisevius became the youngest
member of the Reichsvorstand of the DNVP. In the course of the successive
conversion of the DNVP into a political movement under the party chairman Alfred Hugenberg , who had
been in office since 1928, the construction of so-called combat squadrons of
the party was carried out. Gisevius took over in this context in the fall
of 1931, the organization of a working group of young German nationals in
Dusseldorf from the paramilitary German National
Kampfring West - one of several so-called battle rings the DNVP in the
then increasingly violent political dispute should give physical support -
developed, whose leader he became. He was also involved in the
party-internal wing battles of the DNVP, where he represented together with
Spahn and Eduard Stadtler the line of
approach to National Socialism. In October 1931, Gisevius took part in a
meeting organized by Herbert von Bose of young
conservative intellectuals, which took place at the edge of the meeting, which
served to discuss the future political orientation of right-wing intellectual
circles. In the words of Ulrich Herbert , Gisevius and
his party friend Spahn "sympathized" strongly with the NSDAP at that
time. [6]
Time of National Socialism
After having sympathized with the NSDAP since
1931, Gisevius joined them after the National Socialists came to power . Gisvius received
a letter of admission to the NSDAP of 11 November 1933 with entry date of 9
June 1933. [7] The public was informed by a report of the Volkischer
Beobachter of 11 June 1933 titled "Disintegration of the German
National Front" Gisevius's conversion to the NSDAP (as well as the
transfer of DNVP Reichstag deputy Martin Spahn ). As a reason
for his transfer from the DNVP to the NSDAP, he stated that there was "no
room for that parliamentary, tactical approach", the "party
state" was "dead". [9]
From August to December of the same year Gisevius
was - with leave of absence from the judicial service - in the higher
administration with the political police at the Berlin police
headquarters used. After transfer to the Ministry of the Interior he was
employed in January 1934 as a research assistant in the police department led
by Kurt Daluege . In this
position he experienced in 1933/34 under Rudolf Diels the establishment of
the Secret State Police (Gestapo),
their takeover by the SS in April 1934 and the murder of June 30, 1934 in the
wake of the " Röhm Putsches " with, who also some
of Gisevius' former political companion like Edgar Jung fell victim. On
May 16, 1934, he was officially taken over as a judicial officer from the
judicial service in the general administration and appointed government
minister. By appointment of 31 October 1934, he was appointed to the Government Council.
Diels said after 1945 that Gisevius in 1933 had the
ambition to rise even the head of the political police, which he, Diels, but
prevented. The transfer of Gisevius to the Ministry of the Interior in
January 1934 - after five months with the police - took place at the
instigation of Diels. Robert Kempner, who knew Diels and Gisevius before
1933 as young men in the administrative service and met them again at the
Nuremberg Trials, described them as "intimate enemies" from the beginning
of their relationship and declared that they had "idolatrously" hated
each other. Manifest rainfall found this in their post-war memoir. [10]
Due to his rejection of further expansion of the
Gestapo - and its activities against it - Gisevius resigned from the Ministry
of Interior in June 1935. Instead, he was transferred as a government and
criminal council in the Prussian State Office for
Criminal Investigation , to whose head Arthur Nebe (with whom he had been
in relationship since 1933), he developed a close friendship. [11]
When Gisevius was to be hired in Berlin as part of
the police preparations for the 1936 Summer Olympics , Reinhard Heydrich wrote in a
letter dated 17 February 1936 to the Berlin police chief Wolf-Heinrich von Helldorff that
Gisevius was dismissed from this task. Heydrich complained that Gisevius
"always the secret police has presented all conceivable difficulties, so
that the relationship between him and us was extremely unpleasant." The
appointment of Heinrich Himmler as Reich
police chief led to the dismissal of Gisevius' from the police service.
Temporarily he came under the protection of the
Westphalian Chief President Ferdinand Freiherr
von Lüninck as a government in Münster under, in late 1937, he moved
to the government in Potsdam. At least since 1938 he was privy to the
first assassination plans of military circles. In particular, he worked
closely with Hans Oster and, according to the
historian Gerd R. Ueberschar , was
one of the "main protagonists of the planned coup d'etat against the
dictator in the summer of 1938 in order to prevent a war because of the Sudetenland ." After
the Munich Agreement , these
plans were canceled, Gisevius and Oster destroyed all documents. From 1939
Gisevius pursued together with Ludwig Beck , Hans Oster
and Helmuth Groscurth the goal
of a violent overthrow of the Nazi regime. This group differed from that
of the new chief of staff of the army, Franz Halder , who at first only
wanted to prevent an expansion of the war. [14]'
During the Second World War
Admiral Wilhelm Canaris had Gisevius
move in September 1939 as a special leader in the Foreign Office / Defense in
the High Command of the
Wehrmacht . From there Gisevius was transferred in 1940 as Vice Consul to the
German Consulate General in Zurich , where he pursued intelligence
activities.
The secret headquarters of the German defense was
then in Bern . Gisevius put links of resistance
to the also resident in Berne US Office of Strategic
Services (OSS) under the leadership of Allen Welsh Dulles ) and
British intelligence agencies ( Special Operations
Executive or from 1941 Political Warfare Executive , Bernese
representative was Elizabeth Wiskemann ) ago. [15]
Frequently commuting between Switzerland and
Germany, Gisevius traveled in mid-July 1944 in anticipation of the
assassination attempt on Hitler by Claus Schenk Count
von Stauffenberg to Berlin. In April / May 1944, on behalf of the
conspirators, he offered to assist the Americans, in the event of a Western
invasion, to support Allied airborne operations at strategically central
locations, citing names of the conspirators and appropriate amphibious
landings. [16] At the heart of the proposals submitted by
Gisevius were landings of Allied forces in Bremen and Hamburg, and -
despite Rommel's ambivalent attitude - on
the Atlantic coast. Hitler was to be isolated on the Obersalzberg . Behind these
proposals, the intention was "to prevent the spread of communism in Germany," which it
was considered necessary "to give the Anglo-American troops the way to
Germany before the eastern front collapses." [17]
The July 20, 1944 Gisevius partly spent in the Bendler Block , but could escape
the access of the Gestapo after the failure of the revolution. In an assembled
in December 1944 by the head of the RSHA Ernst Kaltenbrunner overview
of the relatives of the conspirators of July 20, 1944, which were taken into
custody, it says: "Further measures of family liability extend to
the Goerdeler family as
well as to the closer relatives of the fleeting Gisevius and Kuhn as well as deathly condemned Colonel von Hofacker .
" [19]Gisevius was able to submerge in Berlin and in January
1945 with the help of falsified by the OSS papers to Switzerland , giving him political asylum granted. Due to
Gisevius' untraceability his sister Anneliese (* 1903) had been taken in his
clan attachment: Together with other relatives of those involved on July 20,
1944, she was interned in the Hindenburg-Baude in the Giant Mountains and
finally in May 1945 freed in South
Tyrol .
Post-war period
In 1946 Gisevius testified extensively as a witness
at the Nuremberg
trial of the main war criminals before the International Military Tribunal in
Nuremberg against Hermann Goering , Ernst Kaltenbrunner and Wilhelm Keitel and in favor
of Hjalmar Schacht and Wilhelm Frick . After
questioning by the Nuremberg prosecutor Robert H. Jackson to the
perpetrators of the Reichstag fire , he stated
that, based on the request of Adolf Hitler for a large propaganda coup in the run-up
to the elections , Joseph Goebbels had the idea
to have the Reichstag lighted and shaming the communists. It was carried
out by a ten-member SA command, which had penetrated on February 28, 1933,
covered by Hermann Goering, through an underground tunnel between the Reichstag Presidential
Palace and the Reichstag in the Reichstag building and the
local fire by the spread of selbstentzündlicher materials. [22]
In the same year appeared under the title To
the bitter end Gisevius' memoirs to his resistance activities
under National Socialism, in which he claims to "entheroisieren" the
assassination attempt of 20 July 1944, to avoid a "false myth". Instead,
he spoke of the failure of the conspirators, all had felt "partakers in a
common guilt". For the published a year later English language
edition Allen W. Dulles wrote the preface, in which he announced that he had
helped Gisevius to escape from Berlin. [24]
From 1950 to 1955, Gisevius was director of
the Dallas , Texas Council of World
Affairs , after which he lived for several years in West Berlin , then again in
Switzerland. In the 1960s, the former SA storm leader Hans Georg rifle civil law
against the claim that he was the perpetrator of the 1933 Reichstag fire. Gisevius
had raised this accusation at the Nuremberg trial, in his book To the
Bitter End and in the weekly Die Zeit . The district court Dusseldorf forbade
him in 1969 the repetition of this claim and sentenced him to pay damages of about 30,000 DM.
Estate
Gisevius' estate is kept in the archive of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich . A
smaller estate splitter is also located in the Institute of Contemporary
History in Munich. His personal files from his time in the judiciary lie
in the Federal Archives of Berlin.
Reception
With regard to his resistance activities, Gisevius,
who, according to the historian Peter Hoffmann ,
"developed from the Gestapo official of 1933 and 1934 to the conspirator
of the year 1938", [26] in the relevant literature on
national-conservative resistance to the National Socialist rule Mostly a
positive certificate issued. The British-Israeli historian and anti-Semitism researcher Robert Wistrich sees in
Gisevius' book To the bitter end a deserving account of resistance
activities, including "close-ups of leading figures of the Third
Reich". In addition, Gisevius had not concealed the consent of
millions of Germans who "played hide-and-seek with themselves". The
former deputy director of the German Historical
Institute in London , Lothar Kettenacker , calls
Gisevius' records the "first eyewitness account of a co-conspirator who
was present on July 20 in the Bendlerstraße". [29]
In English-speaking countries in particular,
Gisevius, with his confession, contributed to the inadequacy and failure of the
resistance to which he belonged, and to the benevolent reception of German
resistance research. [30]
However, the reliability of Gisevius' memories was
also doubted by various sources. The historian Hans Rothfels criticized as
early as 1949, "especially in the form of verbatim recitations and
dramatic scenes in the detective novel style "
Gisevius' work is not very convincing. [31] According to Christian Hartmann ,
"Gisevius's testimony [...] because of some discrepancies in individual
cases can not serve as the sole basis of a proof, at most as a support for
findings from other sources." [32] Gisevius' effort to emphasize the
role of Hans Globke in the preparation
of Stauffenberg's
assassination of Hitler - "without Globke would not have been
possible July 20," he wrote in his memoirs - can, in the opinion of his
biographer Jürgen Bevers "
not be taken seriously ". [33]
Controversial is the reception of Gisevius'
personality and the value of his book To the bitter end of
historians, who are considered protagonists in the dispute over the question of
the sole perpetrator Marinus van der Lubbes at
the 1933 Reichstag fire. [34] Karl-Heinz Janßen and Fritz Tobias described it as
"sensational and unconcerned about the truth edited gangster novel",
according to Henning Köhler , it
contains "just snapped up, kolportagehafte reports, pompous claims,
what he wants to have seen everything, and even the actual experience is often
tended to be distorted. " [36]
On the other hand, the representatives of the Mehrtäterthese
at the Reichstag fire, Alexander Bahar and Wilfried Kugel criticize,
although a few inaccuracies in Gisevius' memorial as well as a time owed to the
penchant for" romance [s] embellishments " However, his portrayals
essentially hold for authentic insider knowledge of a member of the resistance
movement. The American historian Benjamin Carter Hett points
out that the IfZ historian Hermann Graml in an expertise
for a judicial dispute as early as 1962 have assessed the book positive. [38] Hett himself considers Gisevius' testimony to the
Reichstag fire, which Gisevius had made without access to documents, to be
"respectable" at the Nuremberg Trials and his commemorative report,
since the "theses" of his statement "are always new findings from
various documents are well underpinned in many parts ". [39]
The use claim of the owner , Quakenbrück 1929.
To the bitter end . Zurich 1946. First
volume: From the Reichstag fire to the Fritsch crisis . Second
volume: From the Munich Agreement to July 20, 1944. Fretz &
Wasmuth Verlag, Zurich 1946; again in 1947/48; "Special edition
brought up to date by the author" in Volume 1, Bertelsmann Lesering 1961; again Droemer Knaur , 1987 ISBN
3-426-03677-0 .
To the Bitter End . Boston 1947
(preface Allen W. Dulles )
Adolf Hitler. Attempt an interpretation. Rütten
& Loening, Munich 1963
Where is Nebe? Memories of Hitler's
Reichskriminaldirektor . Droemer Verlag, Zurich 1966.
The beginning of the end. How it began with
Wilhelm II. Droemer Knaur, Zurich 1971.
Literature
Biographical sketches
Susanne Strässer: Hans Bernd Gisevius - An
Oppositionist on Outposts. In: Klemens von Klemperer , Rainer Zitelmann , Enrico Syring (ed.): »For
Germany«. The men of the 20th of July. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main
1996, ISBN 3-548-33207-2 , pp. 56-70.
Marcus Giebeler: The controversy over the
Reichstag fire. Source problems and historiographic paradigms. Martin
Meidenbauer, Munich 2010, pp. 272-274.
Michael Wildt : Generation
of the Unconditioned. The Leadership Corps of the Reich Security Main
Office. Hamburger Edition, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-930908-87-5(at the
same time habilitation thesis, University of Hannover, 2001).
In representations to the resistance
Peter Hoffmann : resistance,
coup d'état, assassination. The fight of the opposition against Hitler. 3rd
edition, Piper, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-492-02459-9 .
Jürgen Schmädeke , Peter Steinbach : The
resistance against National Socialism. German society and resistance to
Hitler. Piper, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-492-10685-4 .
Peter Steinbach , Johannes Tuchel (ed.): Resistance
to the National Socialist dictatorship 1933-1945. Lukas, Berlin
2004, ISBN 3-936872-37-6 .
Gerd R. Ueberschar (ed.): July
20, 1944. Evaluation and reception of German resistance against the Nazi
regime. Bund, Cologne 1994, ISBN 3-7663-2370-9 .
Antje Vollmer , Lars-Broder Keil (ed.): What
do I actually have in common with these generals? And now shall I die for
her? In: Stauffenberg's companions. The fate of the unknown
conspirators. Hanser, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-446-24156-5 ; TB:
dtv, Munich 2015, ISBN 3-423-34859-3 ; Softcover: Federal Agency for
Civic Education , Series 1347, Bonn 2013 (one section each).
In the memoir literature
Allen Welsh Dulles : Conspiracy
in Germany. Kassel 1949 [1947]. (In the original Germany's
Underground ).
Movie
The master spy of Bern , directed by Mathias
Haentjes. Portrait of Allen Welsh Dulles, first broadcast 2005 on Swiss
television SF1 ( Online )
Web links
Literature by and about Hans Bernd Gisevius in the
catalog of the German National Library
Nachlass (PDF) by Hans Bernd Gisevius in the archive
of the ETH Zurich (with an online short biography available)
Single references
↑ a b Susan Strässer: Hans Bernd Gisevius - An
Opposition on "Outpost". In: Klemens von Klemperer (ed.): »For
Germany«. The men of the 20th of July. 1996, p. 56.
↑ CV in: Gisevius: The use claim of the owner. Quakenbrück
1929; however, Robert Kempner writes: Prosecutor of an epoch. Memoirs. 1986,
p. 30 explicitly: "The [Gisevius] was of course not at the Gymnasium, in
Lichterfelde, who was at the Realgymnasium! Of course, people came here,
they wanted to be more real. "
↑ Robert Kempner: Prosecutor of an epoch. Memoirs. 1986,
p. 230 "[Gisevius] was in a class with my brother."
↑ Robert Kempner: Prosecutor of an epoch. Memoirs. 1986,
p. 30.
↑ a b Susan Strässer: Hans Bernd Gisevius - An
Opposition on "Outpost". In: Klemens von Klemperer (ed.): »For
Germany«. The men of the 20th of July. 1996, p. 56 f.
↑ Ulrich Herbert: Best. Biographical Studies on
Radicalism, Weltanschauung and Reason. P. 120 f.
↑ Alexander Bahar / Wilfried Ball: Reichstag Fire:
How History Is Made. 2001, S. 542. (see also Federal Archives Berlin: BDC:
PK file Hans Bernd Gisevius, preserved as a microfilm PK D 59, Figure 600).
↑ Susanne Strässer: Hans Bernd Gisevius - An
Oppositionist on "Outpost", in: Klemens von Klemperer (ed.): "For
Germany" The Men of July 20 , 1996, p. 57. Partly, his party entry
into the literature Also dated February or June 1933: February 1933 gives to
Michael Wildt: Generation of the Unconditioned. The Leadership Corps
of the Reich Security Main Office . Hamburger Edition, Hamburg 2003,
p. 306; June 1933 gives to Anton Ritthaler : A stage on Hitler's way to undivided power. Hugenberg's resignation as Reich Minister. (PDF, 1.4
MB) In: Quarterly
Journal of Contemporary History . 2nd issue / April 1960, pp.
193-219, here p. 198 f.
↑ Anton Ritthaler : A stage on Hitler's way to undivided power. Hugenberg's resignation as Reich Minister. (PDF, 1.4
MB) In: Quarterly Journal of Contemporary History. 2nd issue / April
1960, p. 199.
↑ Klaus Wallbaum: The defector. Rudolf Diels
(1900-1957) - the first Gestapo chief of the Hitler regime , Frankfurt a. M.
and. a. 2009, p. 129.
↑ German biographical encyclopedia. Volume 3. ed. Rolf
Vierhaus. Saur, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-598-25030-9 , p 467.
↑ Michael Wildt: Generation of the Unconditional. The
Leadership Corps of the Reich Security Main Office . Hamburger
Edition, Hamburg 2003, p. 306.
↑ Gerd R. Ueberschär: Military position against
Hitler's war policy 1939 to 1941. In: Jürgen Schmädeke and Peter Steinbach : The
resistance against the national socialism. German society and resistance
to Hitler . Piper, Munich 1986, pp. 345-367, here p. 346; in
detail Peter Hoffmann: resistance, coup d'état, assassination: the
opposition's fight against Hitler. Piper, 3rd edition, Munich 1979, pp.
112-119.
↑ Gerd R. Ueberschar: Military position against
Hitler's war policy 1939 to 1941 , p. 360; see. also Ekkehard Klausa : Conservatives
in the resistance. In: Peter Steinbach and Johannes Tuchel: Resistance
to the National Socialist dictatorship 1933-1945. Lukas, Berlin 2004, pp.
185-201, here p. 195; see. in detail Peter Hoffmann: resistance,
coup d'état, assassination: the opposition's fight against Hitler. Piper,
3rd edition, Munich 1979, p. 176-182.
↑ Bernd Martin: The foreign policy failure of the
resistance 1943/44 . In: Jürgen Schmädeke and Peter Steinbach
(ed.): The resistance to National Socialism. German society and
resistance to Hitler . Piper, Munich 1986, pp. 1037-1060, here p.
1047 f.
↑ Peter Hoffmann: resistance, coup d'état,
assassination: the opposition's fight against Hitler. Piper, 3rd edition,
Munich 1979, p. 298 f.
↑ Hermann White : Biographical
Encyclopedia to the Third Reich . Fischer Paperback, Frankfurt a. M.
2002, ISBN 3-596-13086-7 , p. 146 f.
↑ Ulrike Hett, Johannes Tuchel: The Reactions of
the Nazi State to July 20, 1944. In: Peter Steinbach and Johannes Tuchel
(ed.): Resistance to the National Socialist dictatorship 1933-1945. Lukas,
Berlin 2004, p. 522-538, here p. 528f .; see also the imprisonment to the
sister, Annelise Gisevius, in the Dachau concentration camp Peter
Koblank: The liberation of the special and clan prisoners in South Tyrol ,
online edition Mythos Elser 2006.
↑ Marcus Giebeler: The controversy over the
Reichstag fire. Source problems and historiographic paradigms . Martin
Meidenbauer, Munich 2010, p. 273.
↑ The trial of the major war criminals before the
International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, 14 November 1945 to 1 October 1946. Volume
12, Nuremberg 1947, pp. 185-331.
↑ The trial of the major war criminals before the
International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, Vol. 12, Nuremberg 1947, p.
276 ff .; see Alexander Bahar and Wilfried Kugel: The Reichstag fire. How
history is made. Berlin 2001, p. 542 ff.
↑ Gisevius, To the bitter end, p. 202, p. 368 u. P.
372 after Lothar Kettenacker: The Attitude of the Western Allies towards
Hitler's Assassination and Resistance after July 20, 1944 . In: Gerd
R. Ueberschar (ed.): The 20. July 1944. Evaluation and reception of the
German resistance to the Nazi regime. Bund, Cologne 1994, pp. 19-37, here
p. 27 f.
↑ Lothar Kettenacker: The Attitude of the Western
Allies against the Hitler Assault and Resistance after July 20, 1944. p.
23.
↑ Alexander Bahar and Wilfried ball : The
Reichstag fire. How history is made. edition q, Berlin 2001. pp.
787-792, especially p. 791 f.
↑ Peter Hoffmann: resistance, coup d'état,
assassination: the opposition's fight against Hitler . Piper, 3rd
edition, Munich 1979, p. 295.
↑ In addition to the contributions already mentioned in
the bibliography and in the footnotes, there are also numerous other documents
in Marcus Giebeler's book: The controversy surrounding the Reichstag fire. Source
problems and historiographic paradigms . Martin Meidenbauer, Munich
2010, p. 273f., Footnote 950.
↑ Robert Wistrich: Who was who in the Third Reich? A
biographical dictionary . Fischer Paperback, Frankfurt a. M.
1987, ISBN 3-596-24373-4 , p 107.
↑ Lothar Kettenacker: The attitude of the Western
Allies against the Hitler attack and resistance after July 20, 1944 . In:
Gerd R. Ueberschar (ed.): The 20. July 1944. Evaluation and reception of
the German resistance to the Nazi regime. Bund, Cologne 1994, pp. 19-37,
here p. 27.
↑ Lothar Kettenacker: The attitude of the Western
Allies against the Hitler attack and resistance after July 20, 1944 , p.
28.
↑ Hans Rothfels: The German opposition to Hitler. An
appreciation . Scherpe, Krefeld 1949, p. 210.
↑ Christian Hartmann: Halder. Chief of Staff
of Hitler 1938-1942 . Schöningh, Paderborn 1991, p. 29 f., Note 26.
Hartmann cites Winfried Baumgart's approval: Hitler's
address to the leaders of the Wehrmacht on 22 August 1939. A source-critical
investigation . In: Quarterly Journal of Contemporary History 16
(1968), p. 127 ( online, accessed 16 December 2013).
↑ Jürgen Bevers: The man behind Adenauer. Hans
Globkes promotion from Nazi lawyer to the Gray Eminence of the Bonn Republic . Ch.
Links Verlag, Berlin 2009, p. 82.
↑ See also Marcus Giebeler: The controversy over
the Reichstag fire. Source problems and historiographic paradigms . Martin
Meidenbauer, Munich 2010, p. 273.
↑ Karl-Heinz Janßen / Fritz Tobias: The fall of
the generals. Hitler and the Blomberg-Fritsch Crisis 1938 . CH
Beck, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-406-38109-X , p 69 ff.
↑ Henning Köhler: Germany on the way to itself. A
history of the century . Hohenheim-Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, p. 338.
↑ Alexander Bahar and Wilfried ball: The Reichstag
fire. How history is made . edition q, Berlin 2001. p. 542 ff.
↑ Benjamin Carter Hett: The Reichstag fire. Resumption
of a procedure . Rowohlt, Reinbek at Hamburg 2016, ISBN
978-3-498-03029-2 , p. 459.
↑ Benjamin Carter Hett: The Reichstag fire. Resumption
of a procedure . Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 2016, p. 513 f.
Standard data (person): GND : 123431603 ( OGND , AKS ) | LCCN : n89623565 | VIAF : 47668888 | Wikipedia People Search
personal data
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SURNAME
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Gisevius, Hans Bernd
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SUMMARY
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German official, resistance fighter of July 20,
1944 and author
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DATE OF BIRTH
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July 14, 1904
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PLACE OF BIRTH
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DATE OF DEATH
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February 23, 1974
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DEATH
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BOOKS
Hans Bernd Gisevius - To the bitter end - Book
EUR 7,10
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Hans Bernd Gisevius "To the Bitter End" of
1961.
EUR 5.55 (0 bids)
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Where is Nebe? Bernd Gisevius, Hans:
EUR 13,88
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To the bitter end Bernd Gisevius, Hans:
EUR 20,99
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Gisevius, Hans Bernd - Adolf Hitler - Attempt at
Interpretation - Bertelsmann (1963)
EUR 14.95
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To the bitter end of Gisevius, Hans Bernd | Book
| Condition: good
EUR 7.99
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Hans Bernd Gisevius - Adolf Hitler
EUR 9.90
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Hans Bernd Gisevius - Where is Nebe? Memories
Of Hitler # G1971875
EUR 11.24
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132635 Hans Bernd Gisevius ADOLF HITLER Attempt at
Interpretation HC Biography TOP!
READER SUPPORTED RESEARCH:
READER SUPPORTED RESEARCH:
EUR 13,96
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