As
various sources have reported, Mrs. Ruth H. Paine has been open to talking
about the assination and has appeared in Dallas for the premier of a new film “Truth
is Our Only Client,” that includes her, and a visit to her former Irving, Texas
home that is now a public museum. She will return to Dallas for an appearance
at the Sixth Floor Museum at the former Texas School Book Depository and
possibly tape a n Oral History for posterity.
When she
meets a new inquisitor for the first time, Mrs. Paine has been known to ask the
interviewers opinion of the Walker shooting, and has a translated copy of a
letter Oswald ostensibly left behind for Marina on what to do in case he was
arrested or killed in the course of the Walker Shooting.
She told
one visitor that “she will only talk seriously with those who accept that Lee
tried to kill General Walker.”
The
Walker Assassination Attempt
David
Belin called the Tippit killing the "Rosetta Stone" of the Kennedy
assassination. More likely, Oswald's
attempt on the life of General Edwin A. Walker actually serves that
function. If Oswald shot at Walker, it becomes very easy to
believe he shot at John Kennedy seven months later.
The
Warren Commission account of the evidence follows. Not a great deal has been added to the
evidence since then, but two things can be pointed out:
1.) Marina Oswald has remained utterly consistent
as regards the main points of her testimony.
She repeated them to the House Select Committee in the late 70s, to
author Gerald Posner, and even the NBC TV account of her experiences broadcast
in November 1993 (which had a strong conspiratorialist bias) repeated her account
of Lee coming home late at night and telling Marina he had shot a Walker.
2.) The House Select Committee analyzed the bullet
recovered from Walker's house using Neutron Activitation Analysis, and concluded
that the bullet was "probably a Mannlicher-Carcano bullet" (Report,
p. 60).
The
following is taken from the Warren Commission Report, pp. 183-187.
The
Attempt on the Life of Maj. Gen. Edwin A. Walker
At approximately 9 p.m., on April 10,
1963, in Dallas, Tex., Maj. Gen. Edwin A. Walker, an active and controversial
figure on the American political scene since his resignation from the U.S. Army
in 1961, narrowly escaped death when a rifle bullet fired from outside his home
passed near his head as he was seated at his desk.
There were no eyewitnesses, although a
14-year-old boy in a neighboring house claimed that immediately after the shooting
he saw two men, in separate cars, drive out of a church parking lot adjacent to
Walker's home. A friend of Walker's testified
that two nights before the shooting he saw "two men around the house
peeking in windows." General Walker
gave this information to the police before the shooting, but it did not help
solve the crime. Although the bullet was
recovered from Walker's
house (see app. X, p. 562), in the absence of a weapon it was of little
investigatory value. General Walker
hired two investigators to determine whether a former employee might have been
involved in the shooting. Their results
were negative. Until December 3, 1963,
the Walker shooting remained unsolved.
The Commission evaluated the following
evidence in considering whether Lee Harvey Oswald fired the shot which almost killed
General Walker: (1) A note which Oswald
left for his wife on the evening of the shooting, photographs found among
Oswald's possessions after the assassination of President Kennedy, (3) firearm identification of the bullet found in
Walker's home, and (4) admissions and other statements made to
Marina Oswald by Oswald concerning the shooting.
Note left by Oswald.---On December 2,
1963, Mrs. Ruth Paine turned over to the police some of the Oswalds'
belongings, including a Russian volume entitled "Book of Useful
Advice." In this book was an
undated note written in Russian. In translation, the note read as follows:
1. This is the key to the mailbox which is
located in the main post office in the city on Ervay Street. This is the same street where the drugstore,
in which you always waited is located.
You will find the mailbox in the post office which is located 4 blocks
from the drugstore on that street. I
paid for the box last month so don't worry about it.
2. Send the information as to what has happened
to me to the Embassy and include newspaper clippings (should there be anything about
me in the newspapers). I believe that
the Embassy will come quickly to your assistance on learning everything.
3. I paid the house rent on the 2d so don't
worry about it.
4. Recently I also paid for water and gas.
5. The money from work will possibly be
coming. The money will be sent to our
post office box. Go to the bank and cash
the check.
6. You can either throw out or give my clothing,
etc. away. Do not keep these. However, I prefer that you hold on to my personal
papers (military, civil, etc.).
7. Certain of my documents are in the small blue
valise.
8. The address book can be found on my table in
the study should need same.
9. We have friends here. The Red Cross also will help you [Red Cross
in English].
10. I left you as much money as I could, $60 on
the second of the month. You and the
baby [apparently] can live for another 2 months using $10 per week.
11. If I am alive and taken prisoner, the city
jail is located at the end of the bridge through which we always passed on
going to the city (right in the beginning of the city after crossing the
bridge).
James C. Cadigan, FBI handwriting expert,
testified that this note was written by Lee Harvey Oswald.
Prior to the Walker shooting on April 10,
Oswald had been attending typing classes on Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday evenings. He had quit these classes at least a week
before the shooting, which occurred on a Wednesday night. According to Marina Oswald's testimony, on
the night of the Walker shooting, her husband left their apartment on Neely
Street shortly after dinner. She thought
he was attending a class or was on his own business." When he failed to return by 10 or 10:30 p.m.,
Marina
Oswald
went to his room and discovered the note.
She testified: "When he came back I asked him what had
happened. He was very pale. I don't remember the exact time, but it was
very late.
And he
told me not to ask him any questions. He
only told me he had shot at General Walker." Oswald told his wife that he did not know
whether he had hit Walker; according to Marina Oswald when he learned on the
radio and in the newspapers the next day that he had missed, he said that he
"was very sorry that he had not hit him." Marina Oswald's testimony was fully supported
by the note itself which appeared to be the work of a man expecting to be
killed, or imprisoned, or to disappear.
The last paragraph directed her to the jail and the other paragraphs
instructed her on the disposal of Oswald's personal effects and the management of
her affairs if he should not return.
It is clear that the note was written
while the Oswalds were living in Dallas before they moved to New Orleans in the
spring of 1963. The references to house
rent and payments for water and gas indicated that the note was written when
they were living in a rented apartment; therefore it could not have been
written while Marina Oswald was living with the Paines. Moreover, the reference in paragraph 3 to
paying "the house rent on the 2d" would be consistent with the period
when the Oswalds were living on Neely Street since the apartment was rented on
March 3, 1963.
Oswald
had paid the first month's rent in advance on March 2, 1963, and the second
month's rent was paid on either April 2 or April 3. The main post office "on Ervay
Street" refers to the post office where Oswald rented box 2915 from
October 9, 1962, to May 14, 1963.
Another statement which limits the time when it could have been written
is the reference "you and the baby," which would indicate that it was
probably written before the birth of Oswald's second child on October 20, 1963.
Oswald had apparently mistaken the county
jail for the city jail. From Neely
Street the Oswalds would have traveled downtown on the Beckley bus, across the
Commerce Street viaduct and into downtown Dallas through the Triple Underpass.
Either the viaduct or the underpass might have been the "bridge"
mentioned in the last paragraph of the note.
The county jail is at the corner of Houston and Main Streets "right
in the beginning of the city" after one travels through the underpass.
Photographs.---In her testimony before the Commission in February 1964,
Marina Oswald stated that when Oswald returned home on the night of the Walker
shooting, he told her that he had been planning the attempt for 2 months. He showed her a notebook 3 days later
containing photographs of General Walker's home and a map of the area where the
house was located. Although Oswald destroyed
the notebook, three photographs found among Oswald's possessions after the
assassination were identified by Marina Oswald as photographs of General
Walker's house. Two of these photographs
were taken from the rear of Walker's house.
The Commission confirmed, by comparison with other photographs, that these
were, indeed, photographs of the rear of Walker's house.
An examination
of the window at the rear of the house, the wall through which the bullet
passed, and the fence behind the house indicated that the bullet was fired from
a position near the point where one of the photographs was taken.
The third photograph identified by Marina
Oswald depicts the entrance to General Walker's driveway from a back
alley. Also seen in the picture is the
fence on which Walker's assailant apparently rested the rifle. An examination of certain construction work
appearing in the background of this photograph revealed that the picture was
taken between March 8 and 12, 1963, and most probably on either March 9 or
March 10. Oswald purchased the money
order for the rifle on March 12, the rifle was shipped on March 20, and the
shooting occurred on April 10.
A
photography expert with the FBI was able to determine that this picture was
taken with the Imperial Reflex camera owned by Lee Harvey Oswald. (See app. X, p. 596.)
A fourth photograph, showing a stretch of railroad tracks, was also identified by Marina Oswald as having been taken by
her husband, presumably in connection with the Walker shooting.
Investigation
determined that this photograph was taken approximately seven-tenths of a mile
from Walker's house.
Another
photograph of railroad tracks found among Oswald's possessions was not
identified by his wife, but investigation revealed that it was taken from a
point slightly less than half a mile from General Walker's house. Marina Oswald
stated that when she asked her husband what be had done with the rifle, he
replied that he had buried it in the ground or hidden it in some bushes and
that he also mentioned a railroad track in this connection.
She
testified that several days later Oswald recovered his rifle and brought it
back to their apartment.
Firearms
identification.---In the room beyond the one in which General Walker was
sitting on the night of the shooting the Dallas police recovered a badly
mutilated bullet which had come to rest on a stack of paper. The Dallas City County Investigation
Laboratory tried to determine the type of weaponwhich fired the bullet. The oral report was negative because of the
battered condition of the bullet. On
November 30, 1963, the FBI requested the bullet for ballistics examination; the
Dallas Police Department forwarded it on December 2, 1963.
Robert A. Frazier, an FBI ballistics
identification expert, testified that he was "unable to reach a
conclusion" as to whether or not the bullet recovered from Walker's house
had been fired from the rifle found on the sixth floor of the Texas School Book
Depository Building. He concluded that
"the general rifling characteristics of the rifle * * * are of the same
type as those found on the bullet * * * and, further, on this basis * * * the bullet
could have been fired from the rifle on the basis of its land and groove
impressions."
Frazier testified
further that the FBI 'avoids the category of "probable"
identification. Unless the missile or
cartridge case can be identified as coming from a particular weapon to the
exclusion of all others, the FBI refuses to draw any conclusion as to
probability. Frazier testified, however,
that he found no microscopic characteristics or other evidence which would
indicate that the bullet was not fired from the Mannlicher-Carcano rifle owned by Lee Harvey
Oswald. It was a 6.5-millimeter bullet
and, according to Frazier, "relatively few" types of rifles could
produce the characteristics found on the bullet.
Joseph D. Nicol, superintendent of the
Illinois Bureau of Criminal Identification and Investigation, conducted an independent
examination of this bullet and concluded "that there is a fair
probability" that the bullet was fired from the rifle used in the
assassination of President Kennedy. In
explaining the difference between his policy and that of the FBI on the matter
of probable identification, Nicol said:
I am aware of their position. This is not, I am sure, arrived at without
careful consideration. However, to say that
because one does not find sufficient marks for identification that it is a
negative, I think is going overboard in the other direction. And for purposes of probative value, for
whatever it might be worth, in the absence of very definite negative evidence,
I think it is permissible to say that in an exhibit such as there is enough on
it to say that it could have come, and even perhaps a little stronger, to say
that it probably came from this, without going so far as to say to the
exclusion of all other guns. This I
could not do.
Although the Commission recognizes that
neither expert was able to state that the bullet which missed General Walker
was fired from Oswald's rifle to the exclusion of all others, this testimony
was considered probative when combined with the other testimony linking Oswald
to the shooting.
Additional corroborative evidence.---The
admissions made to Marina Oswald by her husband are an important element in the
evidence that Lee Harvey Oswald fired the shot at General Walker.
As shown
above, the note and the photographs of Walker's house and of the nearby
railroad tracks provide important corroboration for her account of the
incident. Other details described by Marina Oswald coincide with facts
developed independently of her statements.
She testified that her husband had postponed his attempt to kill Walker
until that Wednesday because he had heard that there was to be a gathering at
the church next door to Walker's house on that evening. He indicated that he wanted more people in
the vicinity at the time of the attempt so that his arrival and departure would
not attract great attention. An official
of this church told FBI agents that services are held every Wednesday at the
church except during the month of August.
Marina
Oswald also testified that her husband had used a bus to return home. A study of the bus routes indicates that
Oswald could have taken any one of several different buses to Walker's house or
to a point near the railroad tracks where he may have concealed the rifle. It would have been possible for him to take different
routes in approaching and leaving the scene of the shooting.
Conclusion.---Based on (1) the contents of the note which Oswald left
for his wife on April 10, 1963, (2) the
photographs found among Oswald's possessions, (3) the testimony of firearms identification
experts, and (4) the testimony of Marina
Oswald, the Commission has concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald attempted to take
the life of General Walker on April 10, 1963.
The finding that Lee Harvey Oswald attempted to murder a public figure
in April 1963 was considered of probative value in this investigation, although
the Commission's conclusion concerning the identity of the assassin was based
on evidence independent of the finding that Oswald attempted to kill General
Walker.
